windmill/backend/windmill-api/src/settings.rs

/*
 * Author: Ruben Fiszel
 * Copyright: Windmill Labs, Inc 2023
 * This file and its contents are licensed under the AGPLv3 License.
 * Please see the included NOTICE for copyright information and
 * LICENSE-AGPL for a copy of the license.
 */

use std::{collections::HashMap, time::Duration};

use crate::{
    db::{ApiAuthed, DB},
    ee_oss::validate_license_key,
    utils::{generate_instance_username_for_all_users, require_super_admin},
    HTTP_CLIENT,
};

use axum::{
    extract::{Extension, Path},
    routing::{get, post},
    Json, Router,
};

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
use axum::extract::Query;
use serde_json::json;

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
use crate::utils::require_devops_role;

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
use windmill_common::ee_oss::{send_critical_alert, CriticalAlertKind, CriticalErrorChannel};
use windmill_common::error::to_anyhow;
use windmill_common::{
    email_oss::send_email_plain_text,
    error::{self, JsonResult, Result},
    get_database_url,
    global_settings::{
        APP_WORKSPACED_ROUTE_SETTING, AUTOMATE_USERNAME_CREATION_SETTING,
        CRITICAL_ALERT_MUTE_UI_SETTING, EMAIL_DOMAIN_SETTING, ENV_SETTINGS,
        HUB_ACCESSIBLE_URL_SETTING, HUB_BASE_URL_SETTING,
    },
    parse_postgres_url,
    server::Smtp,
};

pub fn global_service() -> Router {
    #[warn(unused_mut)]
    let r = Router::new()
        .route("/envs", get(get_local_settings))
        .route(
            "/global/:key",
            post(set_global_setting).get(get_global_setting),
        )
        .route("/list_global", get(list_global_settings))
        .route("/test_smtp", post(test_email))
        .route("/test_license_key", post(test_license_key))
        .route("/send_stats", post(send_stats))
        .route(
            "/latest_key_renewal_attempt",
            get(get_latest_key_renewal_attempt),
        )
        .route("/renew_license_key", post(renew_license_key))
        .route("/customer_portal", post(create_customer_portal_session))
        .route("/test_critical_channels", post(test_critical_channels))
        .route("/critical_alerts", get(get_critical_alerts))
        .route(
            "/critical_alerts/:id/acknowledge",
            post(acknowledge_critical_alert),
        )
        .route(
            "/get_ducklake_instance_catalog_db_status",
            post(get_ducklake_instance_catalog_db_status),
        )
        .route(
            "/setup_ducklake_catalog_db/:name",
            post(setup_ducklake_catalog_db),
        )
        .route(
            "/critical_alerts/acknowledge_all",
            post(acknowledge_all_critical_alerts),
        );

    #[cfg(feature = "parquet")]
    {
        return r.route("/test_object_storage_config", post(test_s3_bucket));
    }

    #[cfg(not(feature = "parquet"))]
    {
        return r;
    }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
pub struct TestEmail {
    pub to: String,
    pub smtp: Smtp,
}

pub async fn test_email(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Json(test_email): Json<TestEmail>,
) -> error::Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    let smtp = test_email.smtp;
    let to = test_email.to;

    let client_timeout = Duration::from_secs(3);
    send_email_plain_text(
        "Test email from Windmill",
        "Test email content",
        vec![to],
        smtp,
        Some(client_timeout),
    )
    .await?;

    Ok("Sent test email".to_string())
}

#[cfg(feature = "parquet")]
use windmill_common::s3_helpers::ObjectSettings;

#[cfg(feature = "parquet")]
use windmill_common::s3_helpers::build_object_store_from_settings;

#[cfg(feature = "parquet")]
pub async fn test_s3_bucket(
    _authed: ApiAuthed,
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    Json(test_s3_bucket): Json<ObjectSettings>,
) -> error::Result<String> {
    use bytes::Bytes;
    use futures::StreamExt;

    let client = build_object_store_from_settings(test_s3_bucket, Some(&db))
        .await?
        .store;

    let mut list = client.list(Some(&object_store::path::Path::from("".to_string())));
    let first_file = list.next().await;
    if first_file.is_some() {
        if let Err(e) = first_file.as_ref().unwrap() {
            tracing::error!("error listing bucket: {e:#}");
            error::Error::internal_err(format!("Failed to list files in blob storage: {e:#}"));
        }
        tracing::info!("Listed files: {:?}", first_file.unwrap());
    } else {
        tracing::info!("No files in blob storage");
    }

    let path = object_store::path::Path::from(format!(
        "/test-s3-bucket-{uuid}",
        uuid = uuid::Uuid::new_v4()
    ));
    tracing::info!("Testing blob storage at path: {path}");
    client
        .put(&path, object_store::PutPayload::from_static(b"hello"))
        .await
        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("error writing file to {path}: {e:#}"))?;
    let content = client
        .get(&path)
        .await
        .map_err(to_anyhow)?
        .bytes()
        .await
        .map_err(to_anyhow)?;
    if content != Bytes::from_static(b"hello") {
        return Err(error::Error::internal_err(
            "Failed to read back from blob storage".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    client.delete(&path).await.map_err(to_anyhow)?;
    Ok("Tested blob storage successfully".to_string())
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
pub struct TestKey {
    pub license_key: String,
}

pub async fn test_license_key(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Json(TestKey { license_key }): Json<TestKey>,
) -> error::Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    let (_, expired) = validate_license_key(license_key, Some(&db)).await?;

    if expired {
        Err(error::Error::BadRequest("Expired license key".to_string()))
    } else {
        Ok("Valid license key".to_string())
    }
}

pub async fn get_local_settings(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
) -> error::JsonResult<serde_json::Value> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;

    let mut settings = serde_json::Map::new();
    for key in ENV_SETTINGS.iter() {
        if let Some(value) = std::env::var(key).ok() {
            settings.insert(key.to_string(), serde_json::Value::String(value));
        }
    }
    Ok(Json(serde_json::Value::Object(settings)))
}

#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct Value {
    pub value: Option<serde_json::Value>,
}

pub async fn delete_global_setting(db: &DB, key: &str) -> error::Result<()> {
    if key == "ducklake_user_pg_pwd" || key == "ducklake_settings" {
        tracing::error!("Tried to unset global setting {}, ignored", key);
        return Ok(());
    }
    sqlx::query!("DELETE FROM global_settings WHERE name = $1", key,)
        .execute(db)
        .await?;
    tracing::info!("Unset global setting {}", key);
    Ok(())
}
pub async fn set_global_setting(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Path(key): Path<String>,
    Json(value): Json<Value>,
) -> error::Result<()> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    set_global_setting_internal(&db, key, value.value.unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null)).await
}

pub async fn set_global_setting_internal(
    db: &DB,
    key: String,
    value: serde_json::Value,
) -> error::Result<()> {
    match key.as_str() {
        AUTOMATE_USERNAME_CREATION_SETTING => {
            if value.clone().as_bool().unwrap_or(false) {
                generate_instance_username_for_all_users(db)
                    .await
                    .map_err(|err| {
                        error::Error::internal_err(format!(
                            "Failed to generate instance wide usernames: {}",
                            err
                        ))
                    })?;
            }
        }
        CRITICAL_ALERT_MUTE_UI_SETTING => {
            if value.clone().as_bool().unwrap_or(false) {
                sqlx::query!("UPDATE alerts SET acknowledged = true")
                    .execute(db)
                    .await?;
            }
        }
        APP_WORKSPACED_ROUTE_SETTING => {
            let serde_json::Value::Bool(workspaced_route) = &value else {
                return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(format!(
                    "{} setting Expected to be boolean",
                    APP_WORKSPACED_ROUTE_SETTING
                )));
            };

            if !*workspaced_route {
                #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
                #[allow(unused)]
                struct DuplicateApp {
                    custom_path: Option<String>,
                    path: String,
                }
                let duplicate_app = sqlx::query_as!(
                    DuplicateApp,
                    r#"
                        SELECT
                            path,
                            custom_path
                        FROM 
                            app
                        WHERE 
                            custom_path IN (
                                SELECT 
                                    custom_path
                                FROM 
                                    app
                                GROUP 
                                    BY custom_path
                                HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
                            )
                        ORDER BY custom_path
                        "#
                )
                .fetch_all(db)
                .await?;

                if !duplicate_app.is_empty() {
                    tracing::error!(
                        "Cannot disable {} setting as duplicate app with custom path were found: {:?}",
                        APP_WORKSPACED_ROUTE_SETTING,
                        &duplicate_app
                    );

                    #[derive(Serialize)]
                    struct ErrorResponse {
                        error: String,
                        details: Vec<DuplicateApp>,
                    }

                    let error_response = ErrorResponse {
                        error: "Duplicate custom paths detected".to_string(),
                        details: duplicate_app,
                    };

                    return Err(error::Error::JsonErr(
                        serde_json::to_value(error_response).unwrap(),
                    ));
                }
            }
        }
        _ => {}
    }

    match value {
        serde_json::Value::Null => {
            delete_global_setting(db, &key).await?;
        }
        serde_json::Value::String(x) if x.is_empty() => {
            delete_global_setting(db, &key).await?;
        }
        v => {
            sqlx::query!(
                 "INSERT INTO global_settings (name, value) VALUES ($1, $2) ON CONFLICT (name) DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value, updated_at = now()",
                 key,
                 v
             )
             .execute(db)
             .await?;
            tracing::info!("Set global setting {} to {}", key, v);
        }
    };

    Ok(())
}

pub async fn get_global_setting(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Path(key): Path<String>,
) -> JsonResult<serde_json::Value> {
    if !key.starts_with("default_error_handler_")
        && !key.starts_with("default_recovery_handler_")
        && !key.starts_with("default_success_handler_")
        && key != AUTOMATE_USERNAME_CREATION_SETTING
        && key != HUB_BASE_URL_SETTING
        && key != HUB_ACCESSIBLE_URL_SETTING
        && key != EMAIL_DOMAIN_SETTING
        && key != APP_WORKSPACED_ROUTE_SETTING
    {
        require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    }
    let value = sqlx::query!("SELECT value FROM global_settings WHERE name = $1", key)
        .fetch_optional(&db)
        .await?
        .map(|x| x.value);

    Ok(Json(value.unwrap_or_else(|| serde_json::Value::Null)))
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
#[derive(Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
struct GlobalSetting {
    name: String,
    value: serde_json::Value,
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
async fn list_global_settings(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
) -> JsonResult<Vec<GlobalSetting>> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    let settings = sqlx::query_as!(GlobalSetting, "SELECT name, value FROM global_settings")
        .fetch_all(&db)
        .await?;

    Ok(Json(settings))
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
async fn list_global_settings() -> JsonResult<String> {
    return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(
        "Listing global settings not available on community edition".to_string(),
    ));
}

pub async fn send_stats(Extension(db): Extension<DB>, authed: ApiAuthed) -> Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    windmill_common::stats_oss::send_stats(
        &HTTP_CLIENT,
        &db,
        windmill_common::stats_oss::SendStatsReason::Manual,
    )
    .await?;

    Ok("Sent stats".to_string())
}

#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
pub struct KeyRenewalAttempt {
    result: String,
    attempted_at: chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>,
}

pub async fn get_latest_key_renewal_attempt(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
) -> JsonResult<Option<KeyRenewalAttempt>> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;

    let last_attempt = sqlx::query!(
        "SELECT value, created_at FROM metrics WHERE id = $1 ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 1",
        "license_key_renewal"
    )
    .fetch_optional(&db)
    .await?;

    match last_attempt {
        Some(last_attempt) => {
            let last_attempt_result = serde_json::from_value::<String>(last_attempt.value)
                .map_err(|e| {
                    error::Error::internal_err(format!("Failed to parse last attempt: {}", e))
                })?;
            Ok(Json(Some(KeyRenewalAttempt {
                result: last_attempt_result,
                attempted_at: last_attempt.created_at,
            })))
        }
        None => Ok(Json(None)),
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
#[derive(Deserialize)]
pub struct LicenseQuery {
    license_key: Option<String>,
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn renew_license_key() -> Result<String> {
    return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(
        "License key renewal not available on community edition".to_string(),
    ));
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn renew_license_key(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    Query(LicenseQuery { license_key }): Query<LicenseQuery>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
) -> Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    let result = windmill_common::ee_oss::renew_license_key(
        &HTTP_CLIENT,
        &db,
        license_key,
        windmill_common::ee_oss::RenewReason::Manual,
    )
    .await;

    if result != "success" {
        return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(format!(
            "Failed to renew license key: {}",
            if result == "Unauthorized" {
                "Invalid key".to_string()
            } else {
                result
            }
        )));
    } else {
        return Ok("Renewed license key".to_string());
    }
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn create_customer_portal_session() -> Result<String> {
    return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(
        "Customer portal is not available on community edition".to_string(),
    ));
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn create_customer_portal_session(
    Query(LicenseQuery { license_key }): Query<LicenseQuery>,
) -> Result<String> {
    let url =
        windmill_common::ee_oss::create_customer_portal_session(&HTTP_CLIENT, license_key).await?;

    return Ok(url);
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn test_critical_channels(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Json(test_critical_channels): Json<Vec<CriticalErrorChannel>>,
) -> Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;

    #[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
    send_critical_alert(
        "Test critical error".to_string(),
        &db,
        CriticalAlertKind::CriticalError,
        Some(test_critical_channels),
    )
    .await;
    Ok("Sent test critical error".to_string())
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn test_critical_channels() -> Result<String> {
    Ok("Critical channels require EE".to_string())
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn get_critical_alerts(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Query(params): Query<crate::utils::AlertQueryParams>,
) -> JsonResult<serde_json::Value> {
    require_devops_role(&db, &authed.email).await?;

    crate::utils::get_critical_alerts(db, params, None).await
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn get_critical_alerts() -> error::Error {
    error::Error::NotFound("Critical Alerts require EE".to_string())
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn acknowledge_critical_alert(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Path(id): Path<i32>,
) -> error::Result<String> {
    require_devops_role(&db, &authed.email).await?;
    crate::utils::acknowledge_critical_alert(db, None, id).await
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn acknowledge_critical_alert() -> error::Error {
    error::Error::NotFound("Critical Alerts require EE".to_string())
}

#[cfg(feature = "enterprise")]
pub async fn acknowledge_all_critical_alerts(
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    authed: ApiAuthed,
) -> error::Result<String> {
    require_super_admin(&db, &authed.email).await?;

    crate::utils::acknowledge_all_critical_alerts(db, None).await
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "enterprise"))]
pub async fn acknowledge_all_critical_alerts() -> error::Error {
    error::Error::NotFound("Critical Alerts require EE".to_string())
}

#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Serialize)]
struct DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatus {
    logs: DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatusLogs, // (Step, Message)[]
    success: bool,
    error: Option<String>,
}

#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Serialize, Default)]
#[serde(default)]
struct DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatusLogs {
    super_admin: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    database_credentials: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    valid_dbname: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    created_database: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    db_connect: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    grant_permissions: String,
}

async fn get_ducklake_instance_catalog_db_status(
    _authed: ApiAuthed,
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
) -> JsonResult<HashMap<String, DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatus>> {
    let result = sqlx::query_scalar!(
        r#"SELECT value->'instance_catalog_db_status' FROM global_settings WHERE name = 'ducklake_settings'"#,
    )
    .fetch_one(&db)
    .await?
    .ok_or_else(|| error::Error::ExecutionErr("Couldn't find ducklake_settings".to_string()))?;
    let result = serde_json::from_value(result).map_err(|e| {
        error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!(
            "couldn't parse instance_catalog_db_status : {}",
            e.to_string()
        ))
    })?;
    return Ok(Json(result));
}

async fn setup_ducklake_catalog_db(
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    Extension(db): Extension<DB>,
    Path(dbname): Path<String>,
) -> JsonResult<DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatus> {
    let mut logs = DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatusLogs::default();
    let result = setup_ducklake_catalog_db_inner(authed, &db, &dbname, &mut logs).await;
    let success = result.is_ok();
    let error = result.err().map(|e| e.to_string());
    let status = DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatus { logs, success, error };
    let status_json = serde_json::to_value(&status).map_err(to_anyhow)?;
    // Save that the database was setup successfully
    sqlx::query!(
        r#"UPDATE global_settings SET value = jsonb_set(value, '{instance_catalog_db_status}', (COALESCE(value->'instance_catalog_db_status', '{}'::jsonb) || to_jsonb($1::json))) WHERE name = 'ducklake_settings'"#,
        json!({ dbname: status_json })
    ).execute(&db).await?;

    Ok(Json(status))
}

async fn setup_ducklake_catalog_db_inner(
    authed: ApiAuthed,
    db: &DB,
    dbname: &str,
    logs: &mut DucklakeInstanceCatalogDbStatusLogs,
) -> Result<()> {
    require_super_admin(db, &authed.email).await?;
    logs.super_admin = "OK".to_string();
    let pg_creds = &get_database_url().await?;
    let pg_creds = parse_postgres_url(pg_creds)?;
    logs.database_credentials = "OK".to_string();

    // Validate name to ensure it only contains alphanumeric characters
    // Prevents SQL injection on the instance database
    lazy_static::lazy_static! {
        static ref VALID_NAME: regex::Regex = regex::Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$").unwrap();
    }
    if !VALID_NAME.is_match(dbname) {
        return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(
            "Catalog name must be alphanumeric, underscores allowed".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if pg_creds.database.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case(dbname.trim()) {
        return Err(error::Error::BadRequest(
            "Database name cannot be the same as the main database".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    logs.valid_dbname = "OK".to_string();

    let db_exists = sqlx::query_scalar!(
        "SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_database WHERE datname = $1)",
        dbname
    )
    .fetch_one(db)
    .await?
    .unwrap_or(false);

    logs.created_database = "SKIP".to_string();
    if !db_exists {
        sqlx::query(&format!("CREATE DATABASE \"{dbname}\""))
            .execute(db)
            .await?;
        logs.created_database = "OK".to_string();
    }

    let ssl_mode = match pg_creds.ssl_mode.as_deref() {
        Some("allow") => "prefer".to_string(),
        Some("verify-ca") | Some("verify-full") => "require".to_string(),
        Some(s) => s.to_string(),
        None => "prefer".to_string(),
    };
    // We have to connect to the newly created database as admin to grant permissions
    let conn_str = format!(
        "postgres://{user}:{password}@{host}:{port}/{dbname}?sslmode={sslmode}",
        user = urlencoding::encode(&pg_creds.username.unwrap_or_else(|| "postgres".to_string())),
        password = urlencoding::encode(&pg_creds.password.as_deref().unwrap_or("")),
        host = urlencoding::encode(&pg_creds.host),
        port = pg_creds.port.unwrap_or(5432),
        dbname = dbname,
        sslmode = ssl_mode
    );

    let (client, join_handle) = if ssl_mode == "require" {
        use native_tls::TlsConnector;
        use postgres_native_tls::MakeTlsConnector;

        let mut connector = TlsConnector::builder();
        connector.danger_accept_invalid_certs(true);
        connector.danger_accept_invalid_hostnames(true);

        let (client, connection) = tokio::time::timeout(
            std::time::Duration::from_secs(20),
            tokio_postgres::connect(
                &conn_str,
                MakeTlsConnector::new(connector.build().map_err(to_anyhow)?),
            ),
        )
        .await
        .map_err(|e| error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("timeout: {}", e.to_string())))?
        .map_err(|e| error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("error: {}", e.to_string())))?;

        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move { connection.await });
        (client, join_handle)
    } else {
        let (client, connection) = tokio::time::timeout(
            std::time::Duration::from_secs(20),
            tokio_postgres::connect(&conn_str, tokio_postgres::NoTls),
        )
        .await
        .map_err(|e| error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("timeout: {}", e.to_string())))?
        .map_err(|e| error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("error: {}", e.to_string())))?;

        let join_handle = tokio::spawn(async move { connection.await });
        (client, join_handle)
    };

    logs.db_connect = "OK".to_string();

    client
        .batch_execute(&format!(
            "GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE \"{dbname}\" TO ducklake_user;
             GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO ducklake_user;
             GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA public TO ducklake_user;
             ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA public
                 GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON TABLES TO ducklake_user;"
        ))
        .await
        .map_err(|e| {
            error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!(
                "Failed to grant permissions to ducklake_user: {}",
                e.to_string(),
            ))
        })?;
    logs.grant_permissions = "OK".to_string();

    drop(client); // /!\ Drop before joining to avoid deadlock
    join_handle
        .await
        .map_err(|e| error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("join error: {}", e.to_string())))?
        .map_err(|e| {
            error::Error::ExecutionErr(format!("tokio_postgres error: {}", e.to_string()))
        })?;

    Ok(())
}